LAR 512 – Landscape Resource Management
NCSU, Department of Landscape Architecture
Fall 2002 Barrett L. Kays, Ph.D.
Class Dates Topics Applications Problems References
Unit 1:  Background Topics
19-Aug-02 1. Introduction to course, instructor, & students Marsh, Introduction & Ch. 1
2. Regional planning/site planning continuum Dunne & Leopold (D&L), Preface & Ch. 1
3. Values & theory of landscape planning Odum, Ch. 1
4. Regional & historical patterns & implications Physical, land use, social & cultural surveys Diamond, Ch. 1 & 2
5. Spatial mapping systems Manual & computer mapping approaches http://www.esri.com/consulting/index.html
http://mapping.usgs.gov/
Unit 2:  Landscape Ecological Planning Theory & Processes http://gis.esri.com/esripress/display/index.cfm?CFID=81959&CFTOKEN=69409253
21-Aug-02 1. Landscape ecological analysis & planning McHarg, Ch. The River Basin; Marsh, Ch. 2, 3, 18 & 19
2. Physiographic & ecological regions Landscape regions & their applications Godfrey, Ch. 1; Forman, Part I
http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html
http://www.barrettkays.com/landislinks.html
http://www.nwi.fws.gov/Maps/maps.htm
3. Flora, flauna, ecological & ESA Flora, flauna, ecological & ESA surveys http://mapping.usgs.gov/partners/viewonline.html
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/vegmaps3.html#united
http://fletcher.ces.state.nc.us/programs/nursery/metria/metria1/m11.pdf
http://tapestry.usgs.gov/
4. Landscape ecology analysis Geologic, soils, hydrologic, & topographic http://mapping.usgs.gov/
26-Aug-02 Basics of topography & watersheds for Delineation of watersheds Problem 1 - Introduction to Topographic Maps D&L, Ch. 14; Marsh, Ch. 4, 7 & 9; Way, Ch. 1
landscape resource planning Topographic analysis methods Hot Link to Crabtree Watershed Topographic Map http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/basin_maps.htm
28-Aug-02 Basics of hydrology & interelationships with Acquisition of climatic, stream, wetland, & Problem 2 - Introduction to Hydrologic Data D&L, Ch. 2; Hauver, Ch. 1
ecosystems and urban growth groundwater data http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch/ http://www.ocs.orst.edu/prism/
http://www.barrettkays.com/landislinks.html
http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/climatenormals/climatenormals.pl
4-Sep-02 Basic of soils: a biological system and foun- Soil surveys, soil water data analysis Problem 3 - Application of County Soil Surveys Marsh, Ch. 5
dation of ecoystems, hydrology, & agriculture http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/appom-cd.pdf http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/CIL/WRRI/
http://gw.ehnr.state.nc.us/
http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/ssurveys.htm
9-Sep-02 Basics of water in soil: how to determine the Calculation of water storage & drainage Problem 4 - Basics in Water Storage & Drainage D&L, Ch. 6
landscape patterns & temporal changes http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton/soilwater/
http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton/spaw/FieldSchematic.htm
http://www.bsyse.wsu.edu/saxton/spaw/PondSchematic.htm
11-Sep-02 Basics of soils & hydrology: Infiltration, mois- Calculation of infiltration & runoff Problem 5 - Basics in Runoff Estimation D&L, Ch. 9; Marsh, Ch. 8; Ferguson, Ch. 1 & 3
ture, runoff processes as they are affected by NRCS runoff estimation http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/metria.pdf http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/metria.pdf
forest destruction and development of land http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/quality/hydro/Tools___Models/tools___models.html
16-Sep-02 Basics of structural soils: the effect of USGA & Cornell methodogies Problem 6 - Basics of Porus Media http://www.usga.org/green/coned/greens/recommendations.html
urbanization and approaches to counteract it http://www.usga.org/green/coned/greens/recommendations.html http://www.asla.org/latis/latisSS.pdf
http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/turf-o97-c.html http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/urbanforestsoils_ch7.pdf
18-Sep-02 Basics of soil drainage: how to read the land- Soil profile analysis, drainage classes, &  Problem 7 - Drainage & Landscape Catenas Daniels, 1999: Section II, III, & IV
scape and its micromorphological variations landscape catenas http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/hyde-cd.pdf http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/urbanforestsoils_ch5.pdf
http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/halifax.pdf
http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/randolph.pdf
http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/rutherford.pdf
Class Dates Topics Applications Problems References
23-Sep-02 Drainage field trip: tracing the patterns across Identitication of soil profile & drainage Problem 8 - Field Description of Drainage Kleiss: Soil Colors, Soil Drainage Class, & Soil Tech. Note 5
an upland landscape (Field Trip #1) characteristics
25-Sep-02 Basics of hydrophytic vegetation Wetland delineation Problem 9 - Hydrophytic Vegetation Assessment http://www.wes.army.mil/el/wetlands/pdfs/wlman87.pdf
http://www.wes.army.mil/el/wetlands/pdfs/wlman87.pdf http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/1999/soutflor/soutflor.htm
http://www.nwi.fws.gov/bha/download/1996/national.pdf
30-Sep-02 Basics of hydric soil & wetland hydrology: Ident- Wetland delineation Problem 10 - Hydric Soil & Hydrology Assessment WRRI Rep. 333
ification of wetlands adjacent to Lake Raleigh http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/wli/whited/introterm.ppt http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/wli/Training/Hyindnewest.ppt
(Field Trip #2) http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/wli/Training/Redox.ppt
2-Oct-02 Basics of drainage & irrigation concepts Calculating drainage & irrigation Problem 11 - Calculating Drainage & Irrigation http://www.barrettkays.com/downloads/urbanforestsoils_ch5.pdf
Unit 3:  Emerging & Complementary Topics
7-Oct-02 Basics of detention & retention basin design Wet detention & retention design Problem 12 - Sizing Wet Detention & Extended Detention Wetland Basins WRRI Rep. 335; WRRI Rep. 254
for correcting affects of urbanization http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/su/PDF_Files/SW_Documents/BMP_Manual.PDF http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/su/PDF_Files/SW_Documents/BMP_Manual.PDF
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/wetland.pdf
9-Oct-02 Basic application of water balance concept Application of water balance to wetland Problem 13 - Creating A Water Balance for a Wetland Basin D&L, Ch. 8, Marsh, Ch. 20
for wetland restoration & creation restoration & creation Problem 13 - Spread Sheet USDA, 1992, Pages 24-27
16-Oct-02 Basics of wetland inflow & outflow analysis Calculation of wetland inflow & outflow Problem 14 - Wetland Inflow & Outflow Analysis USDA, 1992, Pages 27-32
Wetland creation & restoration Problem 14 - Spread Sheet WRRI Rep. 289
http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/wli/constds/wlicps.htm
21-Oct-02 Basics of groundwater/hydrogeology Calculation of groundwater discharge Problem 15 - Mapping Groundwater Discharge & Recharge Areas D&L, Ch. 7
Problem 15 - Site Map http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wsp/wsp2220/pdf/wsp_2220_a.pdf
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wsp/wsp2220/pdf/wsp_2220_a.pdf Heath, 1994:  http://gw.ehnr.state.nc.us/planb/Acrobat%20docs/heath94.pdf
23-Oct-02 Basics of recharge & low flow augmentation Calculation of groundwater recharge Problem 16 - Estimating Stream Low Flow & Groundwater Discharge Rates Kays, 2002b
for protection of aquatic flauna species Problem 16 - Site Map http://www.ncwater.org/About_DWR/Division_of_Water_Resources/Water_Projects_Section/Instream_Flow/ifimproc.htm
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/va/nwis/nwis
28-Oct-02 Basics of groundwater table modeling Analysis of Drainmod simulation data Problem 17 - Basics of Drainmod Water Table Analysis & Management Kays, 2002a
http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water/quality/frame/wetdrn/index.html Kays, 2001
ftp://ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/water_mgt/EFH&NEH_Drainage_Chapters/EFH14.pdf USDA-Soil Conservation Service, 1994
WRRI Rep. 134; WRRI Rep. 301
http://www.barrettkays.com/articles/webarticle_2-02.html
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/bae/research/soil_wat
30-Oct-02 Basics of drainage basin discharge estimation & Calculation of basin discharge using USGS Problem 18 - Drainage Basin Discharge D&L, Ch. 10 & 16; Ruhe, Ch. 3
channel flow characteristics stream guaging station data http://waterdata.usgs.gov/va/nwis/nwis http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/circ1123/
4-Nov-02 Basics of floodways & floodway fringes; Analysis of FEMA flood hazard maps & Problem 19 - Reading FEMA Flood Maps D&L, Ch. 11; Marsh, Ch. 10
flood profiles and cross-sections; how to read & floodway/floodway fringe maps http://www.fema.gov/mit/tsd/ot_firm.htm
interpretate floodplain maps http://www.fema.gov/mit/tsd/ot_fis.htm
http://www.fema.gov/mit/tsd/ot_q2tut.htm
http://www.fema.gov/mit/tsd/ot_main.htm
6-Nov-02 Channel morphological processes, character- Classification of streams, channel Problem 20 - Basic Stream Channel Classification Rosgen, Ch. 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7
istics, and channel classification systems for characteristics, & stability Marsh, Ch. 13, Ruhe, Ch. 5
bioengineering; field identification above & http://www.usda.gov/stream_restoration/newtofc.htm
below Lake Raleigh (Field Trip #3) http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-manuals/em1110-2-1418/entire.pdf
11-Nov-02 Basics of channel bioengineering Channel restoration strageties Problem 21 - Stream Channel Restoration Rosgen, Ch. 8; Schiechtl, H. M. & R. Stern, 1997
D&L, Ch. 18
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/streamgd.pdf
http://www.usda.gov/stream_restoration/newgra.html
Class Dates Topics Applications Problems References
13-Nov-02 Basics of erosion, transport, and Calculation of erosion, flows, & stability Problem 22 - Erosion Processes in Regional Landscapes Ruhe, Ch. 6, 7 & 8
open channel flow http://www.barrettkays.com/university/ncsu/lar512/snakeden.html D&L, Ch. 15; Marsh, Ch. 12
http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-manuals/em1110-2-4000/basdoc.pdf
18-Nov-02 Basics methods for estimation of runoff & USGS, Schueler, & Kays methodologies Problem 23 - Construction Site Runoff & Erosion D&L, Ch. 17; Kays, 1979; Schueler & Lugbill, 1990
sediment loads: impacts of urbanization
20-Nov-02 Basics of turbidity control strageties PAM technology & application Kays, 2002c; WRRI Rep. 286
Stream buffers
25-Nov-02 Basics of water quality standards for Application of waters to hydrologic cycle D&L, Ch. 19 & 20
surface waters, wetland waters, & groundwaters: http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/admin/rules/
biological indicators of healthy streams http://gw.ehnr.state.nc.us/
http://www.epa.gov/QUAL2E_WINDOWS/
27-Nov-02 Basics of stream biological assessments Mapping stream water quality Hauer, Ch. 16 & 31
D&L, Ch. 21
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmman.pdf
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/ncwetlands/strmfrm.pdf
http://www.pewoceans.org/reports/water_pollution_sprawl.pdf
2-Dec-02 Basin wide water quality planning Nutrient control strageties WRRI Rep. 301
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/basin_maps.htm
http://h2o.enr.state.nc.us/basinwide/Neuse/neuse_wq_management_plan.htm
http://www.epa.gov/OST/BASINS/
4-Dec-02 Project investigations, planning, & restoration Examination of selected project designs
TBA Semester Project Presentations
NOTES
1.  This class outline is subject to change through the semester.
2.  Your grade will be based upon attendance, problem scores, and term paper.
3.  Each problem is due beginning of class after the date shown.
4.  You should complete the reading assignments prior to class.
TEXT  BOOKS
Dunne, Thomas and Luna B. Leopold.  1978.  Water in Environmental Planning.
William M. Marsh.  1998.  Landscape Planning Environmental Applications.  3rd Edition.
REFERENCE  BOOKS
Beach, Dana.  2002.  Coastal Sprawl The Effects of Urban Design on Aquatic Ecosystems in the United States.  Rep. of PEW Oceans Commission.
Diamond, Henry L. (ed), et al.   1996.  Land Use in America.
Ferguson, Bruce K.  1994.  Stormwater Infiltration.
Forman, Richard T. T.  1995.  Land Mosaics The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions.
Godfrey, Michael A.  1980.  A Sierra Club Naturalist's Guide to the Piedmont.
Grabosky, Jason, et al.  1999.  Structural Soils: A New Medium to Allow Urban Trees to Grow in Pavement.
Hauer, F. Richard (ed.)  1996.  Methods in Stream Ecology.
Health, Ralph C.  1994.  Ground-Water Recharge in North Carolina.
Leopold, Luna B.  1997.  Waters, Rivers, and Creeks.
Odum, Eugene.  1996.  A Bridge Between Science and Society.
Rosgen, David l.  1996.  Applied River Morphology.
Ruhe, Robert V.  1975.  Geomorphology Geomorphic Processes and Surficial Geology.
Schiechtl, H.M. and R. Stern.  1997.  Water Bioengineering Techniques for Watercourse Bank and Shoreline Protection.
Turner, Monica G., Robert H. Gardner, and Robert V. O'Neill.  2001.  Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process.
USDA.  1992.  Wetland Restoration, Enhancement, or Creation.  Engineering Field Handbook, Chapter 13.
Way, Douglas S.  1982.  Terrain Analysis: A Guide to Site Selection Using Aerial Photographic Interpretation.
TECHNICAL REPORTS
Borden, Robert C.  2001.  Performance Evaluation of Regional Wet Detention Ponds and a Wetland for Urban Nonpoint Source Control. WRRI Rep. 335.
Chescheir, G. M., et al.  1996.  Effects of Drainage and Water Table Control on Groundwater and Surface Water Quality, Part II - Experimental Results and Simulation Models. WRRI Rep. 301.
Daniels, R. B., et al.  1999.  Soil Systems in North Carolina.  NC State Department of Soil Science, Technical Bulletin #314. 
Daniels, R. B., et al.  1977.  Some Relations Among the Stratigraphy, Geomorphic Surfaces, and Soils in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, Coastal Plain Project Guidebook.
Daniels, R. B., et al.  1972.  Carolina Geological Society and Atlantic Coastal Plain Geological Association Field Trip Guidebook.
Epperson, D. L., et al.  1988.  Weather and Climate in North Carolina.  NC Agricultural Extension Service Report AG-375.
Evett, Jack B., et al.  1994.  Effects of Urbanization and Land-Use Changes on Low Stream Flow.  WRRI Rep. 284.
Heath, Ralph C.  1998.  Basic Ground-Water Hydrology.  USGS Water-Supply Paper 2220.
Holman, Robert E. and Wesley S. Childres.  1995.  Wetland Restoration and Creation: Development of a Handbook Covering Six Coastal Wetland Types.  WRRI Rep. 289.
Hunt, W. F., III, et al.  2001.  Examination of the Wetland Hydrologic Criterion and its Application in the Determination of Wetland Hydrologic Status.  WRRI Rep. 333.
Kays, Barrett L.  2002a.  Technical Wetland Evaluation of Cypress Pond Development, Cumberland County, North Carolina.
Kays, Barrett L.  2002b.  Technical Evaluation of the Application of Chesapeake Bay Resource Protection Area Designation, Stony Point Mall Project, Richmond, Virginia.
Kays, Barrett L.  2002c.  Turbidity in Construction Runoff, North Carolina Landscape Architecture, Summer 2002.
Kays, Barrett L.  2001.  Drainmod Computer Simulation Analysis and Crop Yield Projections, 1993 - 2000 for Roy James Farm, Tyrrell County, North Carolina.
Kleiss, H.J. 2002.  SSC 452 Soil Morphology Guide, Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University.
Schueler, Thomas R. & Jon Lugbill.  1990.  Performance of Current Sediment Control Measures at Maryland Construction Sites.  Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments.  Publ. No. 89705.
Skaggs, R. W.  1978.  A Water Management Model for Shallow Water Table Soils.  WRRI Rep. 134.
Skaggs, R. W., et al.  1990.  Analysis of Stormwater Infiltration Ponds on the North Carolina Outer Banks.  WRRI Rep. 254.
Parsons, John E., et al.  1994.  Reduction in Sediment and Chemical Load Agricultural Field Runoff by Vegetative Filter Strips.  WRRI Rep. 286. 
USDA,  1979.  Soil Survey of Augusta County, Virginia.
USDA,  1960.  Soil Survey of Alamance County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1990.  Soil Survey of Bladen County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of Beaufort County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1954.  Soil Survey of Buncombe County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1987.  Soil Survey of Carteret County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of Camden County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1908.  Soil Survey of Caswell County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1937.  Soil Survey of Chatham County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1986.  Soil Survey of Chowan and Perquimans Counties, North Carolina.
USDA,  2000.  Soil Survey of Clark County, Wisconsin. http://www.wi.nrcs.usda.gov/soil/surveys/clark.pdf
USDA,  1982.  Soil Survey of Clarke County, Virginia.
USDA,  1989.  Soil Survey of Craven County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1984.  Soil Survey of Cumberland and Hoke Counties, North Carolina.
USDA,  1982.  Soil Survey of Currituck County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1992.  Soil Survey of Dare County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1994.  Soil Survey of Davidson County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1978.  Soil Survey of Dillon County, South Carolina.
USDA,  1978.  Soil Survey of Durham County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1987.  Soil Survey of Frederick County, Virginia.
USDA,  1998.  Soil Survey of Franklin County, North Carolina. http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd Soil Surveys/frank-cd.pdf
USDA,  1996.  Soil Survey of Gates County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1953.  Soil Survey of Graham County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1997.  Soil Survey of Granville County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1975.  Soil Survey of Greenville County, South Carolina.
USDA,  1994.  Soil Survey of Harnett County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1997.  Soil Survey of Haywood County Area, North Carolina.
USDA,  2001.  Soil Survey of Hyde County, North Carolina. Or go to: http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd%20Soil%20Surveys/hyde-cd.pdf
USDA,  1994.  Soil Survey of Johnson County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1989.  Soil Survey of Lake County, California.
USDA,  1989.  Soil Survey of Lee County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1996.  Soil Survey of Lincoln County, Wisconsin.
USDA,  2000.  Soil Survey of Marathon County, Part 1, Wisconsin. http://www.wi.nrcs.usda.gov/soil/surveys/marathon.pdf
USDA,  1989.  Soil Survey of Marathon County, Wisconsin.
USDA,  2000.  Soil Survey of Marlboro County, South Carolina. http://www.mo14.nc.nrcs.usda.gov/Publishd Soil Surveys/marl-cd.pdf
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of McDowell County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1991.  Soil Survey of Mendocino County (Eastern), California.
USDA,  2001.  Soil Survey of Mendocino County (Western), California. http://www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov/mlra/wmendo/
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of Moore County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1930.  Soil Survey of Montgomery County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1978.  Soil Survey of Napa Valley, California. http://www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov/mlra/NapaSS/napass.html
USDA,  1994.  Soil Survey of Northampton County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1963.  Soil Survey of Oconee County, South Carolina.
USDA,  1977.  Soil Survey of Orange County, North Carolina.
USDA,  2001.  Soil Survey of Page County, Virginia.
USDA,  1987.  Soil Survey of Pamlico County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1957.  Soil Survey of Pasquotank County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of Person County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1972.  Soil Survey of Pickens County, South Carolina.
USDA,  1999.  Soil Survey of Richmond County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1982.  Soil Survey of Rockingham County, Virginia.
USDA,  1978.  Soil Survey of Robeson County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1967.  Soil Survey of Scotland County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1991.  Soil Survey of Shenandoah County, Virginia.
USDA,  1990.  Soil Survey of Sonoma County, California.
USDA,  1995.  Soil Survey of Stokes County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1985.  Soil Survey of Sumter National Forest Area, South Carolina.
USDA,  1947.  Soil Survey of Swain County, North Carolina.
USDA,  19__.  Soil Survey of Taylor County, Wisconsin.
USDA,  1988.  Soil Survey of Tyrrell County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1980.  Soil Survey of Vance County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1970.  Soil Survey of Wake County, North Carolina.
USDA,  1984.  Soil Survey of Warren County, Virginia.
USDA,  1981.  Soil Survey of Washington County, North Carolina.
USDA-Soil Conservation Service,  1994.  Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuge Hydraulic and Hydrologic Study and Water Management Plan.